Baseline assessment
What is it? Why is it important?
In the context of the TRIDENT project, a baseline assessment is an initial comprehensive study that measures the existing environmental, geological and biological conditions in areas of potential future activities in the deep sea.
Baselines are needed in pre-activity planning to foresee any potential impact and design the best practices to avoid or mitigate them. To measure impacts against if activities proceed and establish the roadmap towards recovery of the ecosystem, complying with international and national regulations, as well as the recommendations of the International Seabed Authority (ISA).
Which data is necessary for a baseline assessment?
A baseline assessment requires data on physical, chemical, biological, and ecological conditions. This includes geological and environmental baseline data, such as the physical and chemical properties of the seafloor and the water column. Biological data is also crucial, involving the identification of species present, their abundance, biomass, and community structure, as well as their tolerance to environmental stressors. Ecological data helps in understanding the dynamics of ecosystems, genetic connectivity, and natural variability. Additionally, it is important to document background levels of contaminants, noise, and other anthropogenic pressures to contextualize any future variation.
How is the baseline assessment conducted in TRIDENT?
The baseline assessment in TRIDENT is conducted through a systematic approach that ensures comprehensive data collection across relevant parameters with adequate spatial and temporal resolution. This involves surveying, sampling and monitoring involving numerous sensors and automatic samplers on static and mobile platforms, such as underwater observatories, for in situ data collection. Long-term monitoring with spatial and temporal components is crucial for capturing dynamic environmental conditions. Additionally, the assessment integrates analysis of previous studies and historical data e.g. from databases like EMODnet. All data acquisition activities build on the recommendations set forth by the International Seabed Authority (ISA).
Advanced techniques including Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), Gliders, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) and Landers which are utilized for detailed in situ measurements and sampling. Sensor networks allow for monitoring of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Meanwhile, sediment cores and water samplers are used to conduct detailed chemical and biological analysis. Acoustic and optical sensors are employed for monitoring of water column properties and background turbidity.
These technologies collectively ensure thorough and accurate data collection essential for baseline assessments in deep sea contexts.
Data collection and establishment
What data does a vessel need to collect for the baseline assessment?
A vessel aiming at conducting a baseline assessment needs to be equipped with advanced technological tools and systems. This includes, ideally, AUVs, ROVs, and a network of sensors for long term monitoring. The vessel should have sampling equipment for collecting water, sediment, and biological samples, as well as onboard or onshore laboratory facilities for analysing the collected data. Additionally, effective communication systems are necessary seabed positioning, ensuring that all critical measurements are accurately captured and reported.
How long before an impact should a baseline assessment be made?
A baseline assessment should be established during the exploration phase, ideally spanning several years before any activity begins, to ensure accurate predictions of potential environmental impacts and to allow for a thorough Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This allows for data collection at different seasons and environmental conditions for a complete and accurate understanding of the environmental baseline.
What is TRIDENT planning to do in terms of baseline assessment?
TRIDENT plans to develop and implement a comprehensive baseline assessment strategy that includes in-situ data gathering, integrating robotics and autonomous sensor nodes, and producing guidelines for future environmental impact assessments to ensure sustainable and responsible exploration and exploitation of the deep sea. By contributing to sustainable and responsible deep sea activities, TRIDENT aligns with the recommendations of the ISA and aims to ensure the protection and preservation of the marine environment.
